Enumerated Powers in Federal Systems

1 The notion of enumerated powers might refer to two distinct situations. They share the idea that power vested in a specific authority, which would otherwise be all-encompassing, is limited to a list of enumerated tasks and areas of action. The best-known example of enumerated powers is related to the limitation of the powers of the federal government in federal orders: in this respect, it might be defined as a typical technique for ensuring vertical separation of powers. Another possible notion of enumerated powers can be found in the French Constitution in...