From: Oxford Constitutions (http://oxcon.ouplaw.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2023. All Rights Reserved.date: 07 February 2025
- Subject(s):
- International law — State of emergency — National security — State of necessity — Revolution — Terrorism
General Editors: Rainer Grote, Frauke Lachenmann, Rüdiger Wolfrum
Managing Editor: Martina Mantovani
1. State of necessity is used in international law to preclude the wrongfulness of a state’s action which is in prima facie violation of international law. It has a recognized presence in criminal and civil law, and is recognized in the civil law tradition and in the common law tradition (Irizarry 15), where an actor, confronted with two options, may choose the lesser evil—even if in violation of the law (Ferzan 184; Irizarry 22). 2. In constitutional law, state or public necessity is often evoked in two occasions: (1) in defence of officials who, in order to...
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