Exclusive and Shared Competences in Federal Systems

1. The term federalism refers to an organizational form that can be adopted by a state, whose basic characteristic is the vertical separation of powers among different levels of government. This state form has been the object of countless studies and analysis from a wide variety of perspectives; studies that have tried to shed light on the nature and the operation of an institutional structure under which at least 25 national political communities exist today: South Africa, Germany, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada,...