Footnotes:
28 For an updated list of all Covid-19 measures adopted by Spanish authorities, including at the regional level, see Spanish Official Journal, ‘COVID-19: European and State Law’ (updated 22 March 2021).
30 See for example Order SND/293/2020 (Minister of the Health) (25 March 2020) on conditions for the supply and distribution of medicines; and Order TMA/384/2020 (Minister of Transport) (3 May 2020) on the use of masks and safety in the means of transportation.
32 R Sanz Gómez and S Sanz Gómez, ‘Análisis cuantitativo del uso del decreto ley en España (1979–2018)’ (2020) 188 Revista de Estudios Políticos; M Aragón Reyes, Uso y abuso del decreto-ley. Una propuesta de reinterpretación constitucional (Iustel 2016).
34 For an updated list of norms adopted at the regional level to fight the Covid-19 crisis see Spanish Official Journal, ‘COVID-19 Autonomous Law’ (updated 24 March 2021).
43 Daniel Sarmiento, El soft law administrativo (Thomson-Civitas, 2008) 221–266.
44 D Utrilla, ‘Soft law governance in times of coronavirus in Spain’ (2020) European Journal of Risk Regulation, forthcoming.
46 D Utrilla, ‘Soft law governance in times of coronavirus in Spain’ (2020) European Journal of Risk Regulation, forthcoming.
54 See for example Spanish Constitution, arts 53(1), 31(3) setting out statutory reservations regarding the legal regime of fundamental rights and the tax system respectively.
62 For the schedule of plenary sessions for year 2020 see Congress of Deputies, ‘here’ (accessed 12 January 2021); Senate, ‘Calendar of Plenary Sessions’ (accessed 12 January 2021).
71 For all practice directions see Judicial Branch of Spain, ‘Guides and Protocols’ (accessed 12 January 2021).
73 Pending constitutional complaint 2054/2020, brought by the political group of the party Vox in Congress and declared admissible by Order of 6 May 2020 (SCC).
101 Spanish Ombudsman, Resolution (3 September 2020).
108 Order 128/2020 ECLI:ES:TSJM:2020:308A (High Ct of Justice of Madrid (Contentious-Administrative Chamber)).
113 See Royal Decree 463/2020 (14 March 2020) declaring the state of alarm and the Royal Decrees extending the state of alarm.
126 Until 21 June 2020, the minimum distance was 2 metres, see Order SND/422/2020 (Minister of Health) (19 May 2020).
128 For a complete list of such regional measures see Spanish Official Journal, ‘COVID-19 Autonomous Law’ (updated 24 March 2021).
129 Regarding the Order of the Ministry of Health of 30 September 2020 imposing mobility restrictions in several municipalities of Madrid, see for example Order 128/2020 ECLI: ES:TSJM:2020:308A (High Court of Justice of Madrid (Contentious-Administrative Chamber)); Order 89/2020 ECLI:ES:TSJAR:2020:96A (High Court of Justice of Aragón (Contentious-Administrative Chamber)), regarding the Order of the Regional Health Department of 7 October 2020 imposing mobility restrictions in a municipality of Zaragoza.
154 See for example Order of 21 April 2020 ECLI: ES:TSJM:2020:44A (High Court of Justice of Madrid (Contentious-Administrative Chamber)); referring to Order SND/265/2020 (Minister of Health) (19 March 2020).
159 For some examples of criminal convictions due to the breach of public health measures, see Judgment of 29 October 2020 ECLI: ES:APML:2020:128 (Provincial Court of Melilla) (criminal conviction for resistance to and serious disobedience of the authority); Judgment of 8 August 2020 ECLI: ES:APC:2020:2112 (Provincial Court of La Coruña) (criminal conviction for serious disobedience of the authority).
160 Order INT/226/2020 (Minister of the Interior) (15 March 2020), applicable until 21 June 2020.