General Editors & Advisory Board
General Editors
Prof. Dr. Rainer Grote, LL.M. (Edinburgh), General Editor, is a Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law and an Adjunct Professor of Public Law at the University of Göttingen.
Dr. Frauke Lachenmann, General Editor, is a former Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Foundation for International Peace and the Rule of Law, Heidelberg.
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Rüdiger Wolfrum, General Editor, is Director of the Max Planck Foundation for International Peace and the Rule of Law and Former Director of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg.
Managing Editor
Martina Mantovani is a former Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law.
Advisory Board
An advisory board providing peer review of all entries in the encyclopedia consists of:
Prof. David J. Attard is a member of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Director of the IMO International Maritime Law Institute, Malta.
Prof. Helmut Philipp Aust is a Professor of Public and International Law at Freie Universität Berlin.
Gautam Bhatia is a practicing lawyer in India, and a PhD (candidate) at the University of Oxford. His work has been cited by the Supreme Court of India and numerous Indian High Courts.
Prof. Francesco Biagi is an Associate Professor of Comparative Public Law at the University of Bologna Department of Legal Studies, Research Fellow at the Center for Constitutional Studies and Democratic Development (Johns Hopkins University SAIS Europe–University of Bologna), and Legal Consultant at the Max Planck Foundation for International Peace and the Rule of Law (Heidelberg).
Prof. David Bilchitz is Professor at the University of Johannesburg and Director of the South African Institute for Advanced Constitutional, Public, Human Rights and International Law (SAIFAC). He is currently Secretary-General of the International Association of Constitutional Law.
Prof. Laurence Burgorgue-Larsen is a Professor of Law at the Sorbonne Law School at the University Paris I and Co-Director of the “Institut de Recherche en droit international et Européen de la Sorbonne” (IREDIES). She has been teaching European Union Law, Inter-American and European Human Rights Law, and Constitutional Law at numerous universities in Europe, Africa, and Latin America.
Prof. Manuel José Cepeda Espinosa is the former Chief Justice of the Colombian Constitutional Court. He was Ambassador of Colombia to UNESCO and served as Dean of the Universidad de los Andes Law School.
Prof. Jongik Chon is Professor at the Seoul National University School of Law.
Prof. James Crawford † was Whewell Professor of International Law, University of Cambridge, and a Fellow of Jesus College. He was elected as Judge of the International Court of Justice and took his seat on the Court on 6 February 2015. He was formerly Director of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, also at Cambridge. He was a Member of the United Nations International Law Commission and Special Rapporteur on State Responsibility.
Dr. Giacomo Delledonne is Assistant Professor of Constitutional Law at Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa. He has qualified for the positions of Full Professor of Comparative Law and of Associate Professor of Constitutional Law.
Prof. Charles Manga Fombad is Professor of Law at the Institute for International and Comparative Law in Africa (ICLA), University of Pretoria. He is a member of the Executive Committee of the International Association of Constitutional Law (IACL).
Prof. James Fowkes, LL.M., J.S.D. (Yale), is Professor of Foreign and International Law at Münster University (Germany).
Prof. Justin Orlando Frosini is Associate Professor of Comparative Public Law at Bocconi University, Director of the Center for Constitutional Studies and Democratic Development (CCSDD) in Bologna and Adjunct Professor of Constitutional Law at the Johns Hopkins SAIS Europe.
Dr. Matteo Gargantini is Assistant Professor (tenure-track) of Business Law at the University of Genova, and he holds the Italian National Academic Qualification as full professor in the same field. He is a member of the Consultative Working Group of the ESMA Corporate Finance Standing Committee.
Prof. Dr. Ece Göztepe, LL.M., is Professor of Constitutional Law and Director of the Human Rights Center at Bilkent University Faculty of Law (Türkiye).
Dr. Darren Harvey is a lecturer in European Union Law and Public Law at King’s College London.
Prof. Babacar Kanté is Professor at the University Gaston Berger, St. Louis, Senegal, and former Vice President of the Constitutional Court of Senegal.
Prof. Dr. Hanno Kube, LL.M (Cornell), is Professor of Public Law and Director of the Institute of Public Finance and Tax Law, Heidelberg University.
Prof. David E. Landau is Mason Ladd Professor and Associate Dean for International Programs at Florida State University College of Law.
Prof. Liora Lazarus, BA (UCT), LLB (LSE), DPhil (Oxon), is Associate Professor in Law, and a Fellow of St. Anne’s College.
Prof. Clark B. Lombardi, J.D. (Columbia), Ph.D. (Columbia), is the Dan Fenno Henderson Professor of Law at the University of Washington and Director of Islamic Legal Studies at the University’s Asian Law Center.
Sundaresh Menon is the Chief Justice of Singapore and a former Attorney-General of Singapore.
Prof. Russell A. Miller is the J.B. Stombock Professor of Law at Washington & Lee University School of Law in Virginia, USA, a Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg and Head of the Max Planck Law Network.
Prof. Fred L. Morrison taught at the University of Iowa College of Law before joining the University of Minnesota Law School faculty in 1969. He is a Director of the American Society for the Comparative Study of Law.
Prof. Suzie Navot is Professor of Constitutional Law and Parliamentary Law. She teaches at the College of Management Academic Studies, Striks School of Law, in Rishon Lezion, Israel.
Gregor Novak, LL.M., J.S.D. (Yale), Mag. Iur (Vienna), Diploma (Hague Academy of International Law), is a lawyer, legal scholar, and author with a background in government service, international law practice, and academic research and teaching. He is currently an EU official working on international human rights, UN affairs, and EU external relations.
Prof. Jasna Omejec is a full professor at the Faculty of Law, Zagreb University. She is the former President of the Constitutional Court of Croatia. She is a member of the Venice Commission and ad hoc judge of the European Court of Human Rights from Croatia.
Prof. Francisco Orrego Vicuña † was a Judge and former President of the Administrative Tribunal of the World Bank; Professor of International Law, Law School of the University of Chile; former Director of the Institute of International Studies of the University of Chile; and former President of the Institut de Droit International.
Prof. Ergun Özbudun is Professor of Political Science and Constitutional Law at İstanbul Şehir University, Turkey. He has also taught at the University of Chicago, Columbia University, and Princeton University.
Dr. Davide Paris is an Assistant Professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Foggia (IT) and a Senior Research Affiliate at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg.
Prof. Marie-Claire Ponthoreau is Agrégée de Droit Public, Professor of Public Law, University of Bordeaux, Faculty of Law.
Padma Bhushan Dr. Patibandla Chandrasekhara Rao † was Judge and former President of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
Prof. Michael Riegner, LL.M (NYU), is assistant professor of public international law at the University of Erfurt, co-editor-in-chief of the journal “World Comparative Law,” and Principal Investigator in the DFG-CAPES project “Varieties of constitutionalism.”
Prof. Volker Röben is Dean and Professor of International Law at Durham Law School, Durham University (United Kingdom).
Cheryl Saunders is a laureate professor emeritus at the Law School of the University of Melbourne and a convenor of the Constitution Transformation Network. She was the founding Director of the Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies. She is a President Emeritus of the International Association of Constitutional Law, a former President of the International Association of Centres for Federal Studies, a former President of the Administrative Review Council of Australia, and a senior technical adviser to the constitution building program of International IDEA.
Prof. Peter-Tobias Stoll is Director of the Institute of Public International Law and European Law of Göttingen University and German Director of the German-Chinese Law Faculty of Nanjing University.
Prof. Adrienne Stone is a Melbourne Laureate Professor at Melbourne Law School where she is Director of the Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies. She is President of the International Association of Constitutional Law.
Prof. David Tan, Ph.D. (Melbourne), LL.M. (Harvard), LL.B. (Hons), B.Com. (Melbourne), is a Professor of Law at National University of Singapore as well as Head (Intellectual Property), EW Barker Centre for Law & Business and Co-Director, Centre for Technology, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence & the Law.
Dr. Stefan Theil is Assistant Professor in Public Law at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College.
Prof. Thio Li-ann is a Professor of Law (Provost’s Chair) at the National University of Singapore.
Prof. Konstantine Vardzelashvili is Vice President of the Constitutional Court of Georgia. He was a member of the Human Rights Committee (CCPR) for the term 2013–2016.
Prof. Dr. jur. Christian Walter holds the Chair of Public International Law and Public Law at Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
Prof. Erika de Wet is Professor of International Law and Head of the Institute of International Law and International Relations at the University of Graz, Austria. She is also Honorary Professor at the University of Bonn, Germany.
Prof. Katja Ziegler is Sir Robert Jennings Professor of International Law and Director of the Centre for European Law and Internationalisation (CELI) at Leicester Law School, University of Leicester.