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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
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Preliminary Material
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Table of Cases
International and Supranational
Court of Justice of the European Union
European Commission on Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Advisory Opinions)
Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Judgments and Decisions)
International Court of Justice
Permanent Court of International Justice
National
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
France
Germany
Guatemala
Hungary
Mexico
Niger
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
South Africa
Spain
Uruguay
Venezuela
Table of Instruments
Universal Instruments
Regional Instruments
African Union
Council of Europe
European Union
Mercosur
Organization of American States
National Instruments
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
France
Germany
Guatemala
Honduras
Hungary
Mexico
Nicaragua
Niger
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Spain
Uruguay
Venezuela
List of Contributors
Main Text
Introduction
1 Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina: A Regional Approach to Transformative Constitutionalism
Preliminary Material
I The Idea and Thrust of Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina
II A Short Introduction to a Long List of Ailments
III ICCAL in the Changing Latin American Constitutional Landscape
IV A Guide to the Chapters
Part I Framework
2 Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina: Observations on Transformative Constitutionalism
Preliminary Material
I Context and Purpose of the Contribution
II Justifying the Label
A The Ius Commune ’s idea of commonality
B What does “Latin American” mean?
III Means and Ends
A The Latin American form of basic constitutional principles
B Institucionalidad and the new role of courts
C The role of regional institutions
D Dialogic pluralism
IV Conclusion
3 Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina: Context, Challenges, and Perspectives
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II The Political and Social Context in Which ICCAL Originates
III The Emergence of a Ius Constitutionale Commune in Latin America
A The jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court as part of a Ius Constitutionale Commune
1 Violations reflecting the legacy of authoritarian regimes
2 Violations reflecting issues of transitional justice
3 Violations reflecting challenges related to the strengthening of institutions and the consolidation of the rule of law
4 Violations of the rights of vulnerable groups
5 Violations of social rights
6 Violations of new rights of the contemporary agenda
B Dialogue and constitutional openings
C Civil society in the struggle for rights and justice
IV Important Aims of the Ius Constitutionale Commune
4 The Struggle for Rights and the Ius Constitutionale Commune
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II Inadequate Protection of Rights and Apparent Democracy
III Premises and Guarantees of Rights
IV Rights and the Culture of Judges
V Culture and the Morality of Rights
VI Justice as a Battleground for Rights
VII Human Rights Reform in Mexico
VIII The Struggle for Rights in Mexico
IX Mexico’s Supreme Court of Justice in the Debate
X Epilogue
5 A Multidimensional Approach to Equality in the Inter-American Context: Redistribution, Recognition, and Participatory Parity
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II Equality
A Formal equality
B The prohibition of discrimination
C Equality as antisubordination
1 Redistribution and recognition: toward participatory parity
2 Political parity
III Final Considerations
6 Transformative Constitutionalism and the Global South: The View from South Africa
Preliminary Material
I Introduction: Context of the Contribution
II The Concept of Transformative Constitutionalism and Its Problems
A Transformative constitutionalism as both “is” and “ought”
B Transformative means, transformative ends
III Transformative Constitutionalism and Rights
A Equality and dignity
B Socioeconomic rights
C Customary law
IV Institutional Functioning
A Transformation of the judicial institution
B Transformative institutional arguments outside the courts
V Power
A Transformative constitutionalism and jurisdictional competition
B Transformative and preservative constitutionalism
C Transformative constitutionalism and political strategy
VI Conclusion
7 Preserving the Acquis of Transformative Constitutionalism in Times of Constitutional Crisis: Lessons from the Hungarian Case
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II Allegro Assai: Developing Constitutionalism through Constitutional Adjudication
A The remarkable elitist nature of the democratic transition of 1989 in Hungary
B The Constitutional Court as guardian and creator of the 1989 Constitution
C Inherent weaknesses of constitutional transformation
III Dolente: Crisis of the Rule of Law after 2010
A Crisis of the political processes
B Constitutional crises 2010–2014: Counterrevolution under the rule of law
1 Symbolic signs of discontinuity
2 Some normative elements of the new illiberal constitutionalism
IV Largo: The Role of European Institutions in Preserving the Rule of Law in Hungary
A The European Union and its competence problem
B Actions of Council of Europe institutions for the preservation of the rule of law
1 Opinions of the Venice Commission
2 Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
V Conclusions
Part II The Domestic Element
8 The Mexican Constitution of 1917: An Early Example of Radical Transformative Constitutionalism
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II The Genesis of the 1917 Constitution and Its Basic Features
A The historical background of the 1917 Constitution: the Mexican Revolution
B The Querétaro Convention
C Labor reform
D Land reform
E The aftermath of Querétaro
III The Mexican Constitution and Radical Transformative Projects in Contemporary Latin American Constitutionalism
A The concept of transformative constitutionalism in contemporary Latin America and its radical variants
B Popular involvement in the constitution-making process
C The material contents of Bolivarian constitutionalism: social equality, diversity, and rehabilitation of the “Indian”
1 The rehabilitation of the state and the return of economic nationalism
2 Social rights as a means to create inclusive societies
3 From cosmic race to plurinational state: national identity in postcolonial times
D The effectiveness of constitutional transformations
IV Conclusion
9 The Amparo as an Instrument of a Ius Constitutionale Commune
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II The Internationalization of the Amparo Proceeding
III General Features of the Amparo Proceeding in Latin American Comparative Constitutional Law
A The injured party
B Justiciable constitutional rights
C The extraordinary character of the amparo proceeding
D The injury in the amparo proceeding
E The injuring party
F The injuring public actions or omissions
G Adjudication in the amparo proceeding
IV The Enforcement of the Ius Commune Principles of the Amparo Proceeding by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
V Final Reflections
10 The Presidential System in Latin America: A Hallmark and Challenge to a Latin American Ius Constitutionale Commune
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II The American Presidential System
III The French Presidential System
IV The Contemporary Latin American Presidential System
V Final Remarks
11 The “New” Latin American Constitutionalism: Old Wine in New Skins
Preliminary Material
I Introduction and Preliminary Clarifications
II Four Stages of Latin American Constitutionalism
A Experimental constitutionalism or the constitutions of independence
B The foundational period of Latin American constitutionalism
C Social constitutionalism
D Human rights or multicultural constitutionalism
III The Two Key Moments of Latin American Constitutionalism
A An unbalanced system of “checks and balances”
B Robust declarations of rights
IV The “Latest” Period of Latin American Constitutionalism
A Declarations of rights
B Organization of power
V Overlapping Models of Democracy
VI Judicial Activism
VII Appraisal and Future
12 The Block of Constitutionality as the Doctrinal Pivot of a Ius Commune
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II Constitutionalization of Human Rights Treaties
III Conceptualizing the Block of Constitutionality in Latin America
IV The Block: A Migrant Concept
V Horizontal Expansion of the Concept in Latin America
VI Adaptation and Synthesis: Block Lato Sensu and Stricto Sensu
VII Conclusions
13 Inter-Americanization: Its Legal Bases and Political Impact
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II The Open Statehood as Conditio Sine Qua Non for Inter-Americanization
A The concept of “open statehood”
B Paradigm shifts leading to inter-Americanization
C The features of inter-Americanization
1 Constitutional basis of the inter-Americanization process
2 Conventional basis of the inter-Americanization process
3 Mapping some mechanisms of inter-Americanization
III Inter-Americanization in Action
A Constitutional reform
B Legislative reform
1 Annulment of self-amnesty laws in Peru
2 Creation of a legal framework in order to delimit indigenous lands in Nicaragua
3 Limitation of the competence of military tribunals in Mexico
C Adoption of public policies to ensure access to public information in Chile
IV Conclusions
Part III The Inter-American Element
14 The Inter-American System of Human Rights: Essential Features
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II General Overview of the Legal Framework
A The first steps
B The American Convention on Human Rights
C Asymmetrical legal obligations across the region
III The Institutional Framework: Legal Provisions and Functions
A The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
B The Inter-American Court of Human Rights
C Evolution of its case law
IV The Role of the System in the Region
A The interaction with national judges
B The interaction with other domestic institutions
C Interaction with civil society
V Concluding Remarks
15 The American Human Rights Navigation: Toward a Ius Commune
Preliminary Material
I A Destination and an Itinerary
II Ideological, Normative, and Political Elements of the Inter-American System
III Political and Judicial Space
IV Democracy and Factors of Change
V Authoritarianism and the Democratic Project
VI The Constitutional Bridge between Domestic Law and International Human Rights Law
VII The Judge’s Mission
16 The Conventionality Control as a Core Mechanism of the Ius Constitutionale Commune
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II Judicial Dialogue in the Inter-American System
A Types and intensities of judicial dialogue
B The conventionality control as a cause and consequence of judicial dialogue
III The “Conventionality Control” Doctrine
A Origins and jurisprudential development
B Legal basis
C Aspects of the conventionality control doctrine
D Steps of the conventionality control
IV Conclusion
17 The Transformative Dimension of Inter-American Jurisprudence
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II A Tribunal with Transformative Aspirations
III The Tools of Transformation
A A technique of interpretation
B Conventionality control
C Vulnerability
D Integral reparations
IV Historical and Institutional Context
A Structural problems and weak institutions
B Material limitations
C Strategic litigation
D Inter-Americanization of domestic legal discourse
V Conclusions
18 The Impact of Inter-American Judgments by Institutional Empowerment
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II Instrumental and Constructivist Views regarding the Effects of Inter-American Decisions
III The Potential of Constructivist Approaches: “Strategic Institutional Empowerment”
A Intimidation of the judiciary by other branches
B Tensions within the judiciary
C Tension between all branches of government
D Tensions regarding compliance with inter-American decisions
IV Scope and Limits of “Institutional Empowerment”: The Pending Research Agenda
19 The Added Value of the Inter-American Human Rights System: Comparative Thoughts
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
II Textual Added Value
A Rights
1 Greater scope of identical rights
2 Consecration of new rights
B Obligations imposed upon states (Article 2)
III Functional Added Values
A A broad jurisdiction
1 The advisory jurisdiction
2 The contentious jurisdiction
B Important powers
IV Dialectical Added Values
A Functional creativity
1 The “itinerant” court
2 The “connected” court
B Tactical responsibility
Further Material
Index
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Table of Instruments
Armin von Bogdandy, Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor, Mariela Morales Antoniazzi, Flávia Piovesan, Ximena Soley
From:
Transformative Constitutionalism in Latin America: The Emergence of a New Ius Commune
Edited By: Armin von Bogdandy, Eduardo Ferrer Mac-Gregor, Mariela Morales Antoniazzi, Flávia Piovesan, Ximena Soley
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Oxford Constitutions of the World [OCW]
Published in print:
22 June 2017
ISBN:
9780198795919
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